Exposure Assessment and Decision​ Analysis Preparation Course

  • Making Accurate Exposure Risk Decisions (AIHA, 2022)
    • Accurate exposure risk decisions are critical to risk management programs that protect workers and optimize the use of limited resources. This video series will teach you a basic understanding of the properties of lognormally distributed exposure profiles and how to use traditional and Bayesian statistical analysis tools to make accurate exposure risk decisions based on monitoring data. The use of several freely available statistical tools will be demonstrated using multiple examples. Upon completion of the webinar video series, you will have the knowledge needed for the successful completion of the exam for the AIHA Exposure Decision Analysis Registry.

Exposure Assessment and Decision​ Analysis References

  • ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2005). Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices.
  • Burstyn I., H. Kromhout / G. Ramachandran, Letters to the Editor, Annals of Occupational Hygiene 46(4): 429-432 (2002)
  • CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation): Workplace atmospheres - Guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation of chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy. European Standard EN 689, effective no later than Aug 1995 (English version) (Feb 1995).
  • Cherrie, J.W. and Schneider, T. (1999). Validation of a new method for structured subjective assessment of past concentrations. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 43:235-245.
  • Cock, J., Kromhout, H., Heederik, D. and Burema, J. (1996): Experts' subjective assessment of pesticide exposure in fruit growing. Scand J Work Environ Health 22:425 432.
  • Corn, M. and Esmen, N.A.: Workplace exposure zones for classification of employee exposures to physical and chemical agents. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 40:47-57 (1979).
  • Friesen M.C., P.A. Demers, J.J. Spinelli, and N.D. Le: Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Job Exposure Matrix at a Soderberg Aluminum Smelter. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 47(6):477–484 (2003).
  • Ganser G., P. Hewett: An Accurate Substitution Method for Analyzing Censored Data, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 7:223-244 (2010)
  • Hawkins, N.C. and Evans, J.S.: Subjective estimation of toluene exposures: a calibration study of industrial hygienists. Applied Industrial Hygiene 4:61-68 (1989).
  • Hewett P., G. Ganser, A Comparison of Several Methods for Analyzing Censored Data, Annals of Occupational Hygiene., Vol. 51, No. 7, pp. 611–632, 2007
  • Hewett, P.: A conceptual model for generating random exposures for use in computer simulations. Technical Report No.05-01. Exposure Assessment Solutions, Inc. (2005a).
  • Hewett, P.: Equations for calculating exposure management objectives. Technical Report No. 05-02. Exposure Assessment Solutions, Inc. (2005b).
  • HSE (Health and Safety Executive): EH40/99 Occupational Exposure Limits 1999. HSE Books, United Kingdom (1999).
  • Ignacio, J. and, Bullock, B. (editors): A Strategy for Assessing and Managing Occupational Exposures, Third Edition. Fairfax, VA: AIHA Press, 2006.
  • Jayjock, M.A.: Uncertainty analysis in the estimation of exposure. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 58:380 382, 1997
  • Keil,C.: Mathematical Models for Estimating Occupational Exposure to Chemicals, AIHA Press, 2000
  • Kromhout, H., Oostendorp, Y., Heederik, D., Boleij, J.S.M.: Agreement between qualitative exposure estimates and quantitative exposure measurements. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 12:551-562.(1987)
  • Kromhout, H., Symanski, E., and Rappaport, S.M.: A comprehensive evaluation of within- and between-worker components of occupational exposure to chemical agents. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 37:253-270 (1993).
  • Leidel, N.A., Busch, K.A., Lynch, J.R. (1977). Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy Manual. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-173 (available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Publication No. PB274792.
  • Lyles, R.H. and Kupper, L.L.: On strategies for comparing occupational exposure data to limits. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57:6-15 (1996).
  • Lyles, R.H., Kupper, L.L., and Rappaport, S.M.: A Lognormal Distribution-based Exposure Assessment Method for Unbalanced Data. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 41:63-76 (1997).
  • Macaluso, M., Delzell, E., Rose, V., Perkins, J., Oestenstad, K. (1993). Inter-rate agreement in the assessment of solvent exposure at a car assembly plant. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 54:351-359
  • Maidment, S.C.: Occupational Hygiene Considerations in the Development of a Structured Approach to Select Chemical Control Strategies. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 42:391-400 (1998).
  • Mulhausen, J. and Damiano, J. (editors): A Strategy for Assessing and Managing Occupational Exposures, Second Edition. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association (1998).
  • Nicas M.:An Impractical Emphasis, The Synergist, Sept 2003
  • Nicas, M. and Spear, R.C.: A Probability Model for Assessing Exposure Among Respirator Wearers. Part II- Overexposure to Chronic Versus Acute Toxicants. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 53:419-426 (1992).
  • Post, W., Kromhout, H., Heederik, D., Noy, D., Duijzentkunst, R.S. (1991). Semiquantitative estimates of exposure to methylene chloride and styrene: The influence of quantitative exposure data. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 6:197-204.
  • Ramachandran, G. (2001). Retrospective exposure assessment using Bayesian methods. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 45(8): 651-667.
  • Ramachandran, G., and Vincent, J.H. (1999). A Bayesian approach to retrospective exposure assessment. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 14(8):547-55
  • Ramachandran, G., Banerjee, S., and Vincent, J.H. (2003). Expert judgment and occupational hygiene: Application to aerosol speciation in the nickel primary production industry. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 47:461-475.
  • Rock J.C., Can Professional Judgment be Quantified?, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 47(ppA370) 1986
  • Sprenger, A., Dougherty, M., Differences between probability and frequency judgments: The role of individual differences in working memory capacity, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 99 (2006) 202–211
  • Teschke K., C. Hertzman, H. Dimich-Ward, A. Ostry, J. Blair, R. Hershler, A comparison of exposure estimates by worker raters and industrial hygienists, Scand J Work Environ Health 1989:15-424-429
  • Tuggle, R.M.: The NIOSH decision scheme. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 42:493-498 (1981).
  • Walker, K.D., Catalano, P., Hammitt, J.K., Evans, J.S. Use of expert judgment in exposure assessment: Part 2. Calibration of expert judgments about personal exposures to benzene. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 13:1-16, 2003
  • Walker, K.D., Macintosh, D., and Evans, J.S.: Use of expert judgment in exposure assessment: Part I. Characterization of personal exposure to benzene. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology,, 11: 308– 322, 2001.
  • Wild, P., Sauleau, E.A., Bourgkard, E., and Moulin, J.J.: Combining expert ratings and exposure measurements: a random effect paradigm. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 46:479 487 (2002)

Heurists, Biases, and Decision Making

  • Baron J, (2000) Thinking and Deciding, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-65972-8
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  • Ericsson, K.A., N. Charness, P.J. Feltovich, and R.R. Hoffman: The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Ericsson, K.A., R.T. Krampe, and C. Tesch-Romer: The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance. Psychological Review. 100(3):363-406 (1993).
  • Gigerenzer G, Todd PM, ABC Research Group (1999) Simple heuristics that make us smart, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-514381-7
  • Gigerenzer G., Hoffrage U., How to improve Bayesian Reasoning without instruction: Frequency Formats, Psychology Review 1995(102)(4)684-704
  • Gigerenzer G., Hoffrage U., Overcoming difficulties in Bayesian reasoning: A reply to Lewis and Keren (1999) and Mellers and McGraw (1999), Psychology Review 1999(106)(2):425-430
  • Gilovich, T., Griffin, D., Kahneman, D.: Heuristics and Biases The psychology of intuitive judgment, Cambridge University Press, 2002
  • Goldstein W.M., and R.M. Hogarth: Research on Judgment and Decision Making – Currents, Connections, and Controversies. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  • Griffin, D., Tversky, A.: The Weighing of Evidence and the Determinants of Confidence, Cognitive Psychology 24, 411-435 (1992)
  • Hubbard DW, (2007) How to measure anything – Finding the value of “Intangibles” in Business, John Wilery & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-11012-6
  • Kahneman D., and A. Tversky: Choices, Values, and Frames. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., Tversky, A.: Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, Cambridge University Press, 1982
  • Kahneman, D., Tversky, A., On the psychology of prediction, Psychology Review 80(4)1973
  • Kahneman, D., Tversky, A.: Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk, Econometrica, XLVII (1979), 263-291
  • Klein, G.: Sources of Power, How People Make Decisions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.
  • Meyer MA, Booker JM, (2001) Eliciting and Analyzing Expert Judgment – A practical guide, Society for American Statistical Association - Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ASA-SIAM), ISBN 0-89871-474-5
  • Montgomery H., R., R Lipshitz., and B. Brehmer: How Professionals Make Decisions. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2005.
  • Otway H., D. von Winterfeld, Expert judgment in risk analysis and management: process, context and pitfalls, Risk Analysis Vol 12 No 1, 1992
  • Plous, S, (1993) The psychology of judgment and decision making, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-050477-6
  • Simon, H. A., & Chase, W G. (1973). Skill in chess. American Scientist,61, 394-403 Schneider S. L., and J. S. Shanteau: Emerging Perspectives on Judgment and Decision Research, Cambridge Series on Judgment and Decision Making. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • Surowiecki, J, (2005) The Wisdom of Crowds, New York, USA, Random House Anchor Books, ISBN 0-385-72170-6
  • Ward, P. Nicola J. Hodges, Janet L. Starkes and A. Mark Williams, The road to excellence: deliberate practice and the development of expertise, High Ability Studies, Vol. 18, No. 2, December 2007, pp. 119–153
  • Zhu L.,Gigerenzer G.: Children can solve Bayesian problems: the role of representation in mental computation, Cognition 98(2006) 287-308
  • Zsambok C. E., and G. Klein: Naturalistic Decision Making. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 1997.